1 



F. H. PEELLE^ 

Power Press Printer, 

252 broadway^ 

New York. 



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•1 



TEbEGRAPHIC AND CABLE ADDRESS : PHAMPLET, NEW YORK. 

EPITOME OF THE WORLD'S 
PATENT LAWS AND STATISTICS 

/ BY 

V 
THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN PATENT AGENCY, 

FRED'K W. BARKER, Manager, 
(Registered English Patent Agent, according to Act of Parliament.) 

Offices \—2^2 BROADWAY, 

(Opposite City HalL) NEW YORK. 

And Monument Chambers, King William Street, 

LONDON, E. C, ENGLAND. 



IVashington Correspondent : 

WALTER C. CLEPHANE, Attorney-at-Law, . 

344 D STREET, NORTH WEST. 

The Agency has the most reliable correspondents in all the Capi- 
tals of the world, and is enabled to procure Talents in all 
countries under the most favorable conditions. Having 
also special facilities for the sale of Talents in 
all countries, negotiations are conducted for 
clients when desired, on Commission. 



NEW YORK : 
The British and European Patent Agency, 

Copyrighted 1891 1891. 

BY 

F. W. BARKER. 



PREFACE. 

This little book has been prepared with the two-fold object of 
giving to inventors and others interested in new inventions some 
of the most needful information required when contemplating ob- 
taining patents in every country where patent laws exist, together 
with statistics and particulars of the products and leading indus- 
tries of each country. As these particulars have all been taken 
from the most reliable sources, a study of the same will enable an 
intending patentee to select, the best fields for his invention. The 
cost of a patent in each country being shown, he may easily de- 
termine the outlay necessary to secure the most valuable property. 
The other details of patenting herein contained will be useful as 
showing the nature of the protection afforded in each country. 






V" 



<> 



INTRODUCTION. 

It is proposed to show in the following pages, under the head- 
ing of each country, the cost of taking out letters patent ; the 
maximum period for which patents are granted ; the amount of 
taxes (if any) to sustain patents, and how payable ; when applica- 
tion for patents should be made, and conditions of working patents 
in those countries where the law requires inventions to be put into 
operation to avoid forfeiture, Also, under the heading of each 
country, will be given its population, area, leading manufactures, 
and information regarding agriculture, mining, railways, etc. 

In obtaining patents in foreign countries it is important to note 
the requirements as to when application should be made. Per- 
haps the safest plan is to cause foreign applications to be made on 
the day of issue of a United States patent. Should foreign appli- 
cations be made at the same time as the United States application, 
or on any date prior to the United States issue, the term of the 
United States patent (which is greater than that allowed in most 
countries) would thereby be caused to expire with the shortest 
term foreign patent thus applied for. It is, moreover, imperative 
in some countries, notably, Germany and France, that applica- 
tions should be made not after issue in the United States. This 
Agency has facilities for filing patent applications simultaneously 
in all parts of the world. 



THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUS- 
TRIAL PROPERTY. 

The following countries are parties to this convention, under 
which patentees have certain advantages : 
Belgium. Norway. 

Brazil. Portugal. 

France. Servia. 

Great Britain. Spain. 

Gautemala. Sweden. 

Italy. Switzerland. 

Netherlands. Tunis. 

United States of America. 



The feature of interest to American inventors in the conven- 
tion is that they are allowed protection for seven months in the 
allied countries, dating from the time of filing their United States 
applications. Should they make corresponding applications in 
any of the said countries within seven months from the date of 
their United States application, such foreign applications will be 
dated back to the date of the United States application. Thus, if 
any one else has applied abroad meanwhile, or the invention has 
been made public and worked in the other countries, the United 
States patentee will nevertheless be able to maintain his rights and 
take precedence from the date of his United States application. 



CHARGES. 

The prices quoted herein for obtaining patents include all gov- 
ernment fees for the whole or part term of patent right, as shown. 
Our charges also cover the preparation of one sheet of drawings 
(in duplicate or triplicate, in accordance with the requirements of 
the different patent offices), and for other than English speak- 
ing countries we translate 2,000 words of description without 
further cost. If, however, more than one sheet of drawings is 
necessary to illustrate the invention, $5 must be added to the 
quoted charges for each additional sheet, and for all over 2,000 
words of description -we charge 50 cents for every additional 100 
words to be translated. 

In the Australasian colonies, $5 is charged for every 1,000 
words or part of 1,000 after the first 2,000 words of description. 

No other extras whatever are charged under any circumstances. 

We are able to attend to the working of patents wherever re- 
quired, and charges for this service will be furnished on applica- 
tion. 

All inquiries answered by return mail. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 

Total cost of 5 years' patent, - - - $200 00 

<< '* <' 15 '* " - - - 460 GO 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION, — Patent cannot be extended beyond 
term for which originally obtained. When a foreign 
patent has been obtained, protection in the Republic 
will be limited to ten years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before complete publi- 
tion of the invention in any country. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
issue of patent. 

Area in sq. miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,095,013 4,200,000 $74,370,000 $287,384,941 

The principal productions are wool, hides, linseed, 
sugar, maize, wheat, and tobacco. Minerals are copper, 
silver, coal, salt, alum, sulphur, and gold. There are 
5,000 miles of railways open, and 8,000 miles of tele- 
graphs, the latter being the property of the Republic. 

AUSTRIA HUNGARY. 

Cost of patent, including first year's taxes, - $60.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

Second, third, fourth and fifth years, each - $22 50 
Sixth year, --_--.. 27 50 

Seventh year, - - - - - -3250 

Eighth year, - - - - - - 35 50 

Ninth year, - - - - - - -38 50 

Tenth year, ------ 41 50 

Eleventh year, - - - - - -47 50 

Twelfth year, ------ 54 50 

Thirteenth year, - - - - - - 60 50 

Fourteenth year, ----- 66 50 

Fifteenth year, 72 50 

5 



DURATION of patent is fifteen years, bnt it will 
expire simultaneously with a prior foreign patent of 
shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely published in the Empire. 

WORKING must be commenced within one year from 
date of patent, and must not be discontinued for any 
two consecutive years. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports.' 

261,649 41,827,700 $371,262,885 $907,700,415 

The soil produces grain of all kinds, potatoes, beet- 
root, and wine. The minerals are gold, silver, copper, 
iron, quicksilver, lead, tin, zinc, coal, antimony, and 
sulphur. The chief manufactures are iron, woollens, 
cottons, glass, silk and silk goods, leather and leather 
goods, instruments, watches^ etc. 14,500 miles of rail- 
way are open for traffic, and 105,360 miles of telegraph 
wire. The merchant marine consists of 9,728 vessels, 
with a burthen of 31 1,987 tons. 



BARBADOES. 

Total cost of patent, - _ _ _ -$125.00 

TAXES AND DURATION.— The patent may be 
extended to second and third terms of seven years each, 
by the respective payments of $150.00 and $200.00. 

APPLICA TION should be made before the invention 
has been made known or used in the island. 

WORKING must be effected within three years after 
filing the specification. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

166 171,860 $872,095 $2,240,958 

About 100,000 acres are highly cultivated. The prin- 
cipal exports are sugar, molasses, and rum. 



L 



BELGIUM. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, ------ $30.00 

TAXES are as follows: $7.50 for the second year, 
and this amonnt increasing by $2.00 each succeeding 
year. 

DURA TION of patent is twenty years, except where 
a prior foreign patent of shorter term has been ob- 
tained, when the Belgian patent will lapse with such 
foreign patent. 

APPLICATION should be made before the invention 
has been completely published or used in Belgium. 
Official publication, such as that contained in the United 
States patents, is not a bar to patenting. 

WORKING must be effected in Belgium within one 
year from the commencement of working abroad, and 
must be continued each succeeding year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

11,373 6,030,043 $83,148,100 $154,140,000 

The chief minerals are coal, iron, zinc, lead, and cop- 
per. Belgium is an important manufacturing country, 
the leading manufactures being firearms, machinery, 
iron and steel, glass, woollens, cottons and linen, lace, 
hosiery, beet sugar, paper, and beer. There were, in 
1886, 2,756 miles of railway, and 3,893 miles of tele- 
graphs. 

BRAZIL. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, - - - - - -$175.00 

TAXES are as follows: $20.00 for the second year, 
and this amount increasing by $6.00 each succeeding 
year. 

DURATION oi patent is fifteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 



APPLICA TION should be made before publication or 
public use of the invention in Brazil. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
issue of patent, and must not afterwards be suspended 
for more than one year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

3,219,000 14,000,000 $85,542,414 $219,923,840 

The forests of Brazil are very extensive, and abound 
in a great variety of useful and beautiful woods. The 
principal products are India rubber, tobacco, sugar, 
coffee, cotton, cocoa, etc. The minerals are very con- 
siderable and valuable, comprising gold, silver, iron, 
diamonds, topazes, and other precious stones. There 
were 5,281 miles of railway open in 1888, and 869 
miles building. Telegraph wires, 7,605 miles. 

BRITISH GUIANA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for seven years, ----- $350.00 

TAXES are as follows : $125.00 before the end of the 
seventh year. 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been publicly used in the Colony. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population; Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

Undetermined. 282,066 $2,614,310 $20,572,760 

The. chief product is sugar; other products are rum, 

molasses, cocoanuts, timber , and gold. Railway, 2 1 

miles ; telegraphs, 260 miles. 

BRITISH HONDURAS. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first three years, - - - - -$225.00 

TAXES are as follows: At end of third year, $60.00; 
at end of seventh year, $110.00. 



DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION should be made before the invention 
has been published or publicly used in the Colony. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

7,562 27,452 $330,543 $1,823,945 

The chief products are mahogany, logwood and other 
woods, sugar, rum, Indian corn, etc. 

CANADA (DOMINION OF). 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for five years, ------ $50.00 

TAXES are as follows: At the end of fifth year, 
$22.50; at the end of tenth year, $22.50. 

DURATION of patent is fifteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made within one year of 
issue of corresponding patent in another country. 
Should, however, the manufacture of the invention be 
commenced in Canada by other persons than the patentee 
between the dates of the foreign patent and the Cana- 
dian application, such persons could not be restrained 
from continuing to manufacture. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
the date of patent. 

A model, not exceeding 12 inches on any side, must 
be furnished. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

3,470,257 5,000,000 $39745415 $42,002,897 

The land produces all the varieties of cereals, fruits, 
roots, etc. Cattle raising and dairy farming are con- 
ducted very extensively. The minerals are iron, zinc, 
lead, copper, nickel, silver, gold, cobalt, coal. Farm- 
ing, fishing, and the lumber trade form the staple indus- 
tries, but all kinds of manufactures are carried on. 



Petrolettm is produced in large quantities ; phosphate of 
lime and asbestos are also abundant, and sandstone, lime- 
stone, slate, and marbles are found. There were 13,325 
miles of railway open in 1889, and 58,500 miles of tele- 
graph wire. 

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 

for three years, ------ $145.00 - 

TAXES are as follows : At end of third year, $60.00 ; 
at end of seventh year, $110.00. 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published or put to public use in the Colony. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports ana Exports. 

217,895 1,428,700 $21,690,570 $18,037,284 

The soil produces grain and tobacco. The principal 
industries are the production of wool and wine, and the 
rearing of horses, cattle and ostriches. There are 
important copper mines, the ore being of the richest 
kind, and a large amount of coal is raised annually. 
Diamonds are discovered in vast quantities, the value of 
those exported in 1889 being nearly $22,000,000. Of 
railways, there are 1,608 miles open for traffic, and 
4,510 miles of telegraph are in use. 

CEYLON. 

Total cost of patent (when English patent 

has been obtained), ----- $150.00 

Total cost of patent (when no English patent 

has been obtained), ----- 200.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURA TION of patent is fourteen years, and may be 
extended to a second term of fourteen years. 

10 



APPLICA TION should be made before the invention 
has been publicly used in Ceylon. 
WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

35.365 3,000,000 $6,734,944 $39,428,838 

The principal agricultural products are rice and other 
grain, tea, coffee, cocoanuts, cinchona, cinnamon, and 
palmyids. The important native industries are gold, 
silver, ivory and tortoise-shell work, pottery, mats, fans, 
and wood carving. 181 miles of railway are open, and 
there are 1,281 miles of telegraph wires. 

CHILI. 

Total cost of patent, - - - - -$325.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent, ten years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published or used in the country. 

WORKING must be effected within a given time, 
which will be fixed by the authorities ; working must 
not be abandoned for more than one year at the time. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

256,850 3,116,000 $62,457,930 $131,413,065 

The agricultural products are cereals, wines, tobacco, 
flax, hemp, hops, chili-pepper, and potatoes. Mining 
is carried on extensively, the results being gold, silver, 
nitrate of soda, iodine, borate of soda, and copper. 
Copper and silver smelting works are in operation ; also 
tanneries, corn and saw mills, and various manufactures. 
1,498 miles of railway are open, as also 8,346 miles of 
telegraph. 

COLUMBIA. 

Total cost of 5 years' patent, - - - $250 00 

Total cost of 10 years* patent, - - 235 00 

Total cost of 15 years' patent, - - - 375 00 

Total cost of 20 years' patent, - - 425 00 



NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent may be five, ten, fifteen, or 
twenty years as desired, and according to the amount 
paid ; but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of 
shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published or used in the country. 

WORKING must be effected during every j^ear of 
patent right. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

331,420 3,500,000 $10,500,000 $19,877,510 

The forests are extensive and contain various kinds of 
woods. The soil produces tobacco, coffee, cocoa, plan- 
tains, bananas, vegetable ivory, and indigo. The min- 
eral productions are gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, 
lead, coal, and precious stones. The manufactures con- 
sist of woollen and cotton stuffs. There were only 195 
miles of railway open in 1888, and about 2,800 miles of 
telegraph. 

CONGO. 

Total cost of patent, - - - - - $150.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION of patent is twenty years, except where 
a prior foreign patent of shorter term has been obtained, 
when the Congo patent will lapse with such foreign 
patent. 

APPLICA TION should be made before the invention 
has been completely published or used in Congo. Offi- 
cial publication, such as that contained in the United 
States patents, is not a bar to patenting. 

WORKING must be effected in Congo within one 
year from the commencement of working abroad, and 
must be continued each succeeding year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Exports. 

802,000 8,000,000 $1,500,000 



This State is at present but little developed. The 
chief exports are palm-kernels, palm-oil, grotmd-ntits, 
caont-chotic, copal, ivory, wax, sesam, copra, hides, etc. 
Gold, iron, lead, copper, and other minerals have been 
found. 

DENMARK. 

Total cost of patent, ----- $60.00. 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION of patent is fixed by Government, and 
is nstially three, four or five years. Important inven- 
tions are protected for ten years, and, in special cases, 
for fifteen years. A foreigner cannot secure a longer 
term than five years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been used in Denmark. 

WORKING must be effected within one year from 
issue of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

14,789 2,197,205 $15,522,340 $129,750,000 

The productions are cereals, potatoes, and butter; 
also cattle, horses, and sheep. There are 1,208 miles of 
railway, and 6,689 ^l^s of telegraph. Denmark also 
possesses a mercantile marine of 3,326 vessels. 

EQUADOR. 

Total cost of patent, ----- $200.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION oi patent is ten to fifteen years. An 
importer of machinery, or of a new method of manu- 
facture or industry, may receive protection on the fol- 
lowing terms : If the establishment of the machine or 
industry imported requires an outlay of $25,000, the 
protection will last for three years ; if it reaches $50,000, 
for six years; and if $100,000 or more, for ten years. 

13 



APPLICA TION must be made before publication in 
any country. 

WORKING must be effected within a year and a day 
from grant. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population, Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

144,000 1,000,000 $3,535,760 $13,870,785 

The chief products are cocoa, vegetable ivory, nuts, 
cotton, coffee, india rubber, orchilla weed, straw hats, 
yams, tobacco, fruits, sarsaparilla, wheat, etc. The 
minerals are gold, quicksilver, lead, iron, copper, and 
emeralds. Sulphur is also found. There are only 60 
miles of railway open. 

EGYPT. 

Has no separate patent law, but is covered by the 
Turkish patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

494,000 6,806,381 $48,250,000 $94,870,875 

The agricultural products are millet, maize, wheat, 
rice, melons, gourds, sugar, tobacco, hemp, cotton, &c. 
There are no metals; but salt, petroleum, nitre, red 
granite. Oriental alabaster, and limestone are found. 
958 miles of railway are open, and 5,500 miles of tele- 
graph wire. 

FIJI. 

Total cost of patent - - - $200.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire 
with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICATION shouldi be made before the invention 
is known in the Colony. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

6,544 124,919 $318,510 $2,678,370 

The chief products are the bread-fruit tree, banana, 

14 



plantain, peanuts, yams, and dalo, cocoanut, sugar-cane, 
tea, cotton, maize, and arrowroot. 

FINLAND. 

Total cost of patent, usually - - _ $250.00 
NO TAXES. 

DURATION oi patent is from 3 to 12 years, accord- 
ing to the nature and importance of the invention. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been publicly known in Finland. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
issue of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

144,254 2,400,000 $8,532,800 $40,540,625 

Grain is produced for home consumption only. The 
forests are very extensive, and an important industry is 
the preparation and export of timber. 

The minerals found are iron, copper, lead and graph- 
ite. The industries comprise the spinning and weav- 
ing of cotton, flax and wool ; distilling, the manufacture 
of matches, sugar refining and ship building. Butter is 
exported largely. 

14 1 2 miles of railway are in operation; the mercan- 
tile marine consists of 2,051 vessels. 

FRANCE AND COLONIES. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for first 
year, -_____-- $60.00 

TAXES are as follows; $25.00 the second and each 
succeeding year. 

DURA TION of patent is 1 5 years, but will expire with 
a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely published or used in France or 
abroad. 

15 



WORKING must be effected within two years from 
issue of patent, and must not entirely cease during any 
two subsequent years. 

Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports. 

204,090 38,218,903 $648,335,000 11,556,719,400 

The vine is cultivated very extensively and wines are 
exported in great quantities all over the world. The 
agricultural products are wheat, barley, rye, maize, 
oats, potatoes, beetroot, hops, &c. The mineral re- 
sources include coal, pig iron, copper, lead, silver, anti- 
mony and salt. 

The chief manufactures are of metals, watches, jew- 
elry, cabinet work, carving, pottery, glass, chemicals, 
dyeing, paper making, woolens, carpets, linen, silk and 
lace. The oyster fisheries are also important. 

The extent of railways open is 29,683 miles, and of 
telegraph wire, 220,890 miles. 

The mercantile navy comprises 15,266 vessels. 

GERMANY. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for first 
year - - - - _ - _ $60.00 

7^3X^5 are as follows: $17.50 for second year, and 
this amount increasing by $12.50 each succeeding year. 

DURATION of patent is 15 years. Not affected by 
prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before any publication 
of the invention in any country. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports 

211,168 46,855,704 $320,134,000 $1,795,431,750 

Agriculture and the rearing of cattle gives employ- 
ment to a great proportion of the population, although 

16 



Germany is becoming more and more a manufacturing 
country. 

The chief products of the soil are wheat, rye, oats, 
barley, peas, millet, rape seed, maize, linseed, flax, 
hemp, tobacco, hops, potatoes, beans, turnips and fruit. 

The minerals comprise iron, copper, lead, alum, nitre, 
zinc, cobalt, sulphur, nickel, coal, silver, tin, bismuth, 
granite, limestone, ironstone, fire-clay, &c. Various 
gems and precious stones are also found. The leading 
manufactures are as follows: — linens, cottons, silk, wool- 
len, mixed cotton and linen fabrics, including shawls, 
carpets, &c., worsted yarns, leather, earthenware, glass, 
paper, tobacco, carriages, furniture stuffs, furs, clothing, 
jute, hoisery, gloves, and other knitted goods, real and 
imitation laces, embroideries, curtains, paper, wood and 
straw pulp, bottle glass, cigars, trinkets, clocks, straw 
hats, brushes, machinery and metal manufactures. 

The railways open include 23,624 miles, and tele- 
graphs, 51,148 miles. The mercantile marine consists 
of 3,594 vessels. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

Cost of provisional protection for nine months, $20.00 
Cost of complete patent after provisional, in- 
cluding Government fees to fourth year, 50.00 



$70,00 
Cost of complete patent in first instance, includ- 
ing Government fees for first four years, - $60.00 

Provisional protection is desirable as securing early 
date and number of patent whilst the invention is being 
fully worked out. To obtain provisional protection, a 
short description is required, showing the nature of the 
invention, but without entering into full details. Draw- 
ings are usually not necessary. 

To complete the patent application, a further specific 

17 



-cation must be filed any time within nine months from 
the provisional application. This specification is known 
as the ' final,' and must contain full details of the inven- 
tion, also being accompanied with drawings when neces- 
sary. 

If the invention be fully worked out at the time of 
application, then a complete specification may be filed 
in the first instance and the patent obtained without de- 
lay. 

TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th years each, $55 00 
*' " " 8th and 9th years, - - 80 00 

•' '* " loth, nth, 12th, and 13th years, 105 00 

DURA TION of patent is fourteen years ; not affected 
by the expiration of a prior foreign patent. 

A FPLICA TION should be made before the invention 
has been completely published or made publicly known 
in Great Britain. Publication insufficient to enable the 
invention to be worked therefrom does not vitiate a 
subsequent patent. 

WORKING is not compulsory. Under the Act of 
1883, a patentee can be compelled to grant licenses on 
reasonable terms if it be proved that he is not himself 
w^orking the patent adequately. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

121,115 38,609,500 $450,000,000 $3,710,000,000 

The leading agricultural products are wheat, barley, 
oats, hops, potatoes, and other vegetables. The chief 
minerals are, coal, iron, copper, lead, tin, zinc, and 
silver. 

The manufactures are too numerous to particularize 
fully, but include machinery, agricultural implements, 
general hardware and metal goods of all kinds, cotton, 
silk, linen, hemp, jute and all textile fabrics, piece 
goods, laces, tapestries, carpets, also needles, pins, steel 

18 



pens, cutlery, pottery, earthenware, chemicals, glass, 
paper, ship building, &c., &c. 

There are 19,943 miles of railway open, having a roll- 
ing stock including 15,924 engines, 49,638 carriages, 
and 517,595 wagons or freight cars. 

Telegraph wires measure 180,000 miles. 

The mercantile marine includes 21,779 vessels, with 
a net tonnage of 7,579,008 tons. 

GREECE. 

Cost of patent varies from $300 to $2,500. 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION YSiTies from 3 to 15 years. 

Patents are only granted by special Act of Legislature 
and for very important inventions. 

WORKING requirements are determined by term of 
patent. 

APPLICA TION should be made before publication 
in Greece. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

24,977 2,187,208 $15,590,560 $40,070,670 

Fruit trees are cultivated largely, the most important 
being the olive, vine, orange, lemon, fig, almond, cit- 
ron, pomegranate and currant grape. Lead is the chief 
mineral. 

Tobacco, silk and sponges are also exported. 

Of railways there are 370 miles open, and of telegraph 
3,234 miles. 

The mercantile marine includes 5,157 vessels. 

GUATEMALA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first year, _:_-_-- $200.00 

TAXES are fixed by the Government and vary from 
$5 to $50, payable annually after the first year. 

19 



DURATION oi patent is from five to fifteen years, 
but will expire with prior foreign patent of shorter 
term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been made publicly known in Guatemala. 

WORKING must be effected within one year from grant 
of patent, and must not be discontinued during any 
succeeding year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. , 

46,774 1,427,116 $3,849,595 $14,768,880 

The principal product is coffee, which is exported in 
very large quantities. Other exports are hides, indigo, 
sugar, india-rubber, mahogany, sarsaparilla and fruits. 

132 miles of railway are in operation, and 225 miles 
additional have been contracted for. 

There are 2,219 miles of telegraph. 

HAWAIIAN KINGDOM. 

Total cost of patent, - - _ _ $140.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION oi patent is ten years, but will expire 
with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been publicly known or used in Hawaii, or any 
country. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

6,587 86,647 $2,862,505 $19,477,735 

The principal products are sugar, coffee, rice, pulu 
and hides. 

HONG KONG. 

Total cost of patent, - - - - $175.00 

NO TAXES. 

Patent is granted only when a corresponding patent 
has been obtained in England, and it will expire with 
such English patent. 

20 



WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 
30 1-2 215,800 

Hong Kong is a very important commercial centre, 
its annual trade amounting to over $100,000,000. The 
chief articles of commerce are opium, sugar, flour, oil, 
amber, cotton, ivory, betel, sandal-wood, rice, tea, wool- 
lens, silks and salt. 



INDIA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first four years, ----- ^90 

TAXES are as follows: At end of 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 
and 8th years, each, $30. At end of 9th, loth, nth, 
12th and 13th years, each $60. 

DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire 
with a foreign patent of shorter term unless a British 
patent has been obtained. 

APPLICA TYC^TV must be made within one year from 
grant of British or foreign patent. 

WORKING is not compulsory, but the patentee maybe 
compelled to grant licenses on reasonable terms if 
proved that he is not operating the invention ad- 
equately. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,648,944 273,533,000 $400,000,000 $860,000,000 

The principal products are rice, opium, indigo, jute, 
wheat, cotton, sugar, oil seeds, tea, salt, piece goods, 
ivory, raw silk, woollens, &c. 

The minerals are gold, silver, rubies, jade, iron, lead, 
tin, coal, limestone. Petroleum is also found. 

16,109 miles of railway are open, and the length of 
telegraph lines in operation is 33,462 miles. 



ITALY. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, - - - - - - $65.00 

TAXES are as follows ; 

For second and third years, each - - $ 1 5 . 00 

For fourth, fifth and sixth years, each, - 20 . 00 

For seventh, eighth and ninth years, each, 25.00 

For tenth, eleventh and twelfth years, each, 30 . 00 
For thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth years, 

each, - - -- - - - -35.00 

Term tax, each year, - - - - - 2 . 00 

It is advisable to pay the term taxes for 6 years when 
making application, as thereby a further charge of $2$ 
for prolonging the patent from year to year will be 
avoided. 

DURATION oi patent is 15 years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
is publicly known in Italy, and before the expiration of a 
corresponding foreign patent. 

WORKING must be effected within one year from 
grant and must not be discontinued during any subse- 
quent year. 

Provided, however, the term tax is paid for 6 years at 
the time of application, the time for working will be 
extended to two years. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

110,655 29,699,781 $324,115,280 $441,773,365 

The products are olives and« fruits of all kinds. The 
wines are celebrated and numerous. 

The principal minerals are iron, lead, zinc, copper^ 
manganese and antimony ores, sulphur, gypsum, amian- 
thus, alum and boracic acid, also some silver and gold. 
The chief manufactures include woollens, cotton, hemp 
and linen yarns and tissues, leathers, straw and felt hats, 
furniture, chemical products, paper, agricultural and 

22 



other machinery, prepared meats, mosaics, pottery, Vene-^ 
tian glass, alabaster ornaments, &c. 

There are 6,438 miles of railway and 19,568 miles of 
telegraph wire. The commercial marine consists of 7,- 
229 vessels. 

JAMAICA. 

Total cost of patent, - - - .- - $250.00 
■ NO TAXES, 

DURA TION of patent is'14 years, but will expire with 
prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION mM^t be made before the invention is. 
publicly known in Jamaica. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

4,193 580,804 $2,897,730 $16,062,120 

The products are sugar, coffee, maize and Indian corn, 
dye stuffs, drugs and spices. Fruits are largely ex- 
ported to the United States. Jamaica is also famous for 
its rum. 

JAPAN. 

Patents are not granted to foreigners. 

LEEWARD ISLANDS. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 

for first three years, - - - - $ 300.00 
TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of the third year, - - - $ 60.00 

At the end of the seventh year, - - - 110.00 
DURATION oi patent is 14 years, but will expire with 
a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention is. 
publicly known. * 

23 



WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

578 120,000 $563,725 $1,120,747 

The chief products are sugar, rum, molasses, tamar- 
inds, arrowroot, cocoa, coffee, maize, cotton, tobacco, 
lime juce, fruit and cabinet woods. 

Sulphur is very plentiful. 

LIBERIA. 

Total cost of patent is - - - - $250.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent is 20 years. 

APT Lie A TION must be made before the invention 
has been published or made use of in the Republic. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
date of patent, if the patentee is an alien. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 
14,000 1,050,000 $175,000 

The chief products are coffee, cocoa, sugar, wax, gin- 
ger, palm-kernels, palm-oil, indigo, hides, ivory,* and 
gold dust. 

LUXEMBOURG. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first year, - - - - - - - $35.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

For the second year $10, and this amount increasing 
by $2 each succeeding year to end of term. 

DURATION oi patent is 15 years, but will expire if 
corresponding German patent lapses through non-pay- 
ment of fees. 

AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been made public in the Grand Duchy or in Ger- 
many. The patent will be void if a similar application 
be not made in Germany, within three months. 



WORKING must be effected within three years from 
grant. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

999 213,283 $1,558,820 

Iron ore is very plentiful. There are 270 miles of 
railway. 

MAURITIUS. 

Total cost of patent, - - _ - $200.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION oi patent is fourteen years, but will ex- 
pire with prior British patent. 

AFP Lie A TION must be made before publication in 
Mauritius or in Great Britain ; or within twelve months 
from date of corresponding British patent. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

708 372,664 $4,372,401 $54,937,617 

The production of sugar forms the entire industry. 
MEXICO. 

Total cost of patent, - - - - $250.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION oi patent is ten years. 

^-/"/"Z/C^T^C^iV^ must be made before the invention 
has been completely published in Mexico or abroad. 
Publication by foreign patent offices does not, however, 
affect the right to obtain patent. 

WORKING must be effected within five years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

751,177 10,447,974 $35,750,000 $116,000,000 

The chief products are maize, wheat, barley, pulse^ 
Chili pepper, sugar, potatoes, coffee, cotton, tobacco, 
vanilla, flax, indigo, grapes and all kinds of fruits. The 

25 



mines produce silver, gold, copper, lead, quicksilver, 
iron, and coal. The manufactures include woollen and 
cotton spinning and weaving, &c. 

There are 4,600 miles of railway, and 200,500 miles 
of telegraph. 

NATAL. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 

for first three years, - - - - $140.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of third year- _ - _ 35.00 

At the end of seventh year - - - - 60.00 
DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICATION must be made before the invention 
has been used in Natal. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

19,000 530,158 $6,635,525 $30,916,665 

Sheep farming is the principal occupation of the in- 
habitants, and horses and cattle are also raised exten- 
sively. The products are sugar, coffee, indigo, arrow- 
root, ginger, tobacco, rice, pepper, and cotton, also 
cereals, &c. 

305 miles of railway are open. 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Total cost of patent, - - . - - - $200.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION oi patent is fourteen years, but will ex- 
pire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICATION rrnxst be made before the invention 
has been publicly used in Newfoundland. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent. 

26 



m 



Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

42,200 i97»335 $2,190,725 $13,041,205 

The principal industry is fishing. 

100 miles of railway are open, and 240 miles further 
are authorized to be built. 

NEW SOUTH WALES. 

Total cost of patent, ----- $80.00 
NO TAXES, 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years. 
AP PLICA TION must be made before publication of 
the invention in the Colony. 
WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

310,700 1,122,200 $45,316,985 $230,789,955 

The chief products are Avheat, maize and other kinds 
of grain, potatoes, tobacco, sugar, wine, and oranges. 
The minerals are very rich, and include gold, coal, copper, 
silver, tin, iron, antimony, asbestos, cinnabar, and 
kerosene shale. Diamonds, rubies, opals, and other 
precious stones are found. 

The Colony has 50,106,768 sheep, besides large num- 
bers of horses, pigs, and cattle. 

2,263 niiles of railway are open, as also 22,606 miles 
of telegraph wire. 

NEW ZEALAND. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 
first four years, - - - - - -$65.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of fourth year, - - - - 35.00 

At the end of seventh year, - - - - 60.00 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years. 
AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published in the Colony. 

27 



WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

104,032 662,248 $21,046,235 $78,181,810 

The climate is admirably adapted for raising all kinds 
of agricultural produce. 

The minerals are gold, iron, coal, and copper. 

Wool is largely produced, there being 15,503,263 
sheep. 

There are about 2,000 miles of railway, and 11,827 
miles of telegraph wire. 

NORWAY. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 
first year ------- $60.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

For the second year, $8, and this amount increasing 
by $1.25 each succeeding year to end of term. 

DURATION of patent is fifteen years. 

APT lie A TION must be made before the invention 
is so far known in the country that it can be carried out 
by experts. But publication in print, or by public 
exhibition, shall not for a period off six months prevent 
the grant of a patent. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
grant of patent, and must not be wholly discontinued 
during any subsequent year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

125,000 2,000,000 $13,430,000 $90,115,000 

The principal industries are timber dressing, mechan- 
ical engineering, textile manufactures, ship-building, 
and pulp-making, also the valuable cod and herring 
fisheries. Ice is largely exported. 

There are 970 miles of railway open, and 4,609 miles 
of telegraph. 

Norway has a mercantile marine of 7,285 vessels. 

28 



ORANGE FREE STATE. 

Cost of patent varies from $800 to $3,800. 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent varies from five to fifteen 
years, but shall not exceed the term of prior foreign 
patents. 

APPLICATION nm^t be made before publication of 
the invention. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

41,484 I33»5i8 $1,361,570 $10,000,000 

The chief exports are wool, ostrich feathers, hides, 
diamonds, and grain. 

PERU. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 

for first year, ------ $350.00 

TAXES are $100 the second and each succeeding 
year. 

DURATION oi patent is 10 years. 

AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published in Peru or abroad. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports. 

500,000 2,970,000 $7,480,000 $12,116,750 

The mineral wealth is considerable and includes silver, 
quicksilver, copper, coal and petroleum. The vegetable 
kingdom furnishes Peruvian bark, sarsaparilla, copaiba, 
coffee, cocoa, and india rubber. Peru is also noted for 
its guano deposits. 

769 miles of railway are in operation, and to these 500 
miles are being added. 

29 



PORTUGAL AND COLONIES. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 

for one year, ------ $125.00 

For five years, ----- 160.00 

For ten years, ^ - - - - - 210.00 

For fifteen years, ----- 260.00 

If the patent is obtained for less than the full term of 
15 years, it may be continued by payment of the bal- 
ance of the fees, together with an additional prolonga- 
tion fee of $7.50 for each of the remaining years. 

DURA TION of patent is 1 5 years, but will expire with 
a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TYOiVmust be made before the invention is 
known to the public. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent, and must not cease entirely during any 
two consecutive years. 

Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports 

34,606, 4,708,178 $44,085,200 $72,640,330 

The chief products are wheat, barley, oats, maize, flax, 
hemp, the vine, rice, olives, oranges, lemons, citrons, 
figs and almonds. There are extensive forests, which 
include the cork tree. The mineral products are copper, 
lead, tin, antimony, coal, manganese, iron, slate, and 
bay salt. 

The manufactures include gloves, silk, woollen, linen, 
and cotton fabrics, metal and earthenware goods, to- 
bacco, cigars, etc. 

1,000 miles of railway are open. The mercantile ma- 
rine consists of 469 vessels. 

QUEENSLAND. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for first 
four years, - ------ $80,00 

30 



TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of the 4th year, - - - $35.00 

At the end of the 8th year, - - _ 60.00 

D URA TION of patent is 1 4 years. 

AFP Lie A TION must be made before the invention 
has been published in the colony. 
WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

668,497 406,658 $17,201,245 $6,894,355 

The agricultural products are, wheat, oats, barley, 
maize, sugar, potatoes, coffee, cotton, oranges, peaches, 
pineapples, grapes, bananas and other fruit. 

The minerals include gold, galena, silver, lead, tin, 
copper, coal, antimony and quicksilver. There are 14.- 
470,095 sheep, and a large number of horses and 
cattle. 

2,064 miles of railway are open, and 571 miles in 
course of construction. There are 16,981 miles of tel- 
egraph wires. 

RUSSIA. 

Total cost of patent for 3 years, - - $140.00 

Total cost of patent for 5 ^^-ears, - - - 170.00 
Total cost of patent for 10 years, - - 350.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION oi patent is three, five or ten years, ac- 
cording to the amount paid. If obtained for less than 
ten years the patent cannot afterwards be extended to 
the full term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been so fully made public in Russia as to enable it 
to be used. For inventions already patented abroad, 
Russian patents may be obtained for terms not exceed- 
ing 6 years, provided application be made during the 
term of such foreign patents. 

31 



WORKING must be effected within the first quarter of 
the term for which patent is obtained. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

8,3i3»035 106,610,794 $447,580,000 $603,992,575 

The chief agricultural products are wheat, barley, 
oats, buckwheat, millet, rye, hemp, flax, potatoes and 
tobacco. 

The minerals are gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, 
rock salt, marble, and china clay. There are also ap- 
parently inexhaustible supplies of coal and petroleum. 
The manufactures include weaving, tanning, fur dress- 
ing, linen-, woollen and worsted stuffs, fine cloths, and 
mixed fabrics. 

J^ Russia has 18,670 miles of railway open and 91,000 
miles of telegraph wires. 

ST. HELENA. 

Total cost of registration, - - - - gi 25.00 

NO TAXES, 

D URA TION of registration is dependent on the cor- 
responding British patent with which it will expire. 

APPLICA TION may be made any time during the 
term of the corresponding British patent. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Registration is only granted to the holder of a British 
patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

47 5^059 $42,040 $74,188 

The products are oats, barley, root crops, and flax. 

SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for first 
three years, _ - _ _ _ _ $100.00 

32 



TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of the third year, - - . $30.00 
At the end of the seventh year, - - . 55.00 

DURA TION of patent is 14 years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published in the Republic, 
WORKING \^ not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

112,700 800,000 $6,913,305 $5,624,830 

The Republic is rich in gold, and copper, lead, cobalt, 
iron, and coal are also found. 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 

Cost of patent including Government fees for first 
three years, - - - - - -$95.00 

TAXES are as follows: 

At the end of the 3rd year, - - - $15.00 

At the end of the 7th year, - - - - 15.00 

DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire 
with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely published in the Colony, 

WORKING should be effected within three years from 
date of patent. 

Area in sq. jMiles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

903,690 319^604 $11,352,165 $14,063,837. 

Agricultural products include wheat, potatoes, flax, 
hops and fruit. The minerals are gold, silver, lead, cop- 
per and iron. 

There are 1,756 miles of railway open and 5,517 miles 
of telegraph wires. 

33 



SPAIN AND COLONIES. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, - - _ _ _ $70.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

For the 2nd year, $12.50, and this amount, increasing 
by $2 for each succeeding year to end of term. 

DURA TION of patent will be 20 years, if the inven- 
tion is not known in Spain or elsewhere at the time of 
application. If application be made within two years 
from date of prior foreign patent, a Spanish patent will 
be granted for term of ten years. 

WORKING must be effected within two years from 
grant of patent, and must not entirely cease during any 
succeeding year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

196,173 17,550.216 $166,877,540 $229,383,420 

The agricultural products are wheat, barley, maize, 
oats, rice, hemp, flax, olives, oranges, lemons, almonds, 
pomegranates, dates, and particularly the vine. The 
mineral wealth is extensive and includes iron, copper, 
lead and quicksilver. 

There are 5,523 miles of railway and 10,670 miles of 
telegraph. 

The Spanish Colonies, including Cuba and Porto Rico, 
&c., have a total area of 167,230 square miles, with a 
population of 8,007,000. 

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 

Total cost of patent, - - - - $175.00 

NO TAXES. 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but will 
expire with a prior British patent, if there be one. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been used in the Colony, in the United Kingdom, or 
in any British possession. 

34 



WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,472 1-2 600,000 $4,410,620 $289,418,342 

The exports comprise gutta-percha, gambier, pepper^ 
india rubber, horns, hides, canes, sugar, rice, sago, 
tapioca, spices, dye stuffs, tea, coffee, tobacco, gums, 
tin, &c. 

SWEDEN. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, ------ $60.00 

TAXES are as follows ; 

Second, third, fourth and fifth years, each, - $12.50 
Sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth years, 

each, -------- 20.00 

Eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth, 

years each, ------ 27.50 

DURATION oi patent is 15 years. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely published in Sweden. The pub- 
lication by foreign patent authorities, or in an exhibi- 
tion will not, however, prevent a valid patent from be- 
ing obtained, provided application is made within six 
months from such publication or exhibition. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
grant of patent, and must not be discontinued during 
any subsequent year. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

173,974 4,774,409 $24,559,470 $166,777,285 

The agricultural products are oats, wheat, barley, 
rye and potatoes. The minerals include iron, gold and 
silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, cobalt, alum, sulphur, 
porphyry and marble. The manufacture of matches is 
an important industry. 

4,930 miles of railway are open, also 5,422 miles of 
telegraph. 

35 



SWITZERLAND. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first year, - - - - - - - $50.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

For the second year $10, and this amount increasing 
by $2 each succeeding year to end of term. 

DURATION of patent is 15 years. 

APT Lie A TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely made public in Switzerland. 

WORKING must be effected within three years from 
grant of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

15,981 2,933,334 $11,978,560 §60,005,570 

The agricultural produce consists of wheat, oats, 
maize, barley, flax, hemp and tobacco. The manufac- 
tures include silks, cottons, linen, lace, thread, woollens, 
clocks and watches, leather, gloves, pottery, tobacco, 
snuff and cheese. 

There are 1,962 miles of railways in operation, and 4,- 
418 miles of telegraphs. 

TASMANIA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first three years, ----- § 100.00 
TAXES are as follows : 

At end of 3rd year, ----- $80.00 
At end of 7th year, - - - - - 105.00 

DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been published in the Colony. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

26,215 151.480 $3^394,545 $80,055,175 

Wheat and fruit are largely raised. Minerals are well 
represented and include tin, iron, gold and coal. There 
are 1,551,429 sheep. 

36 



375 miles of railway are open, and a hundred miles in 
course of construction. The Colony also has 2, 590 miles 
of telegraph wire. 

TRINIDAD. 

Total cost of patent, ----- $175.00 
NO TAXES, 

DURA TIONoi patent is 14 years. 
APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
is known in the Island. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,754 196,172 $2,266,375 $22,013,820 

The island produces sugar, cocoa, molasses, cocoa- 
nuts, various kinds of timber and fruits, also a large 
quantity of asphalt. Coal is also found. 

TURKEY. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees 
for first year, ------ $150.00 

TAXES are $25 the second and each succeeding 
year. 

DURATION of patent is 15 years, but will expire 
with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the invention 
has been completely published in Turkey or elsewhere. 

WORKING should be effected within two years from 
issue of patent, and must not entirely cease during any 
two consecutive years. 

Area in sq; Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,710,000 32,500,000 $84,181,815 $140,150,000 

The agricultural products are maize, rice, barley, 
cotton, millet, sesame and other oil-seeds, tobacco, cof- 
fee, opium and fruits. The mineral products are iron, 
lead, copper, sulphur, salt, alum and coal. The manu- 
factures include woollen and cotton stuffs, carpets, 
shawls, leather, fire-arms, dyeing and printing works. 

37 



There are about 2,200 miles of railway, and 400 miles 
in course of construction. 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Total cost of patent, _ - - - $75.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURA TION oi patent is seventeen years, but will be 
limited by a prior foreign patent of shorter term. 

APPLICA TION must be made within two years from 
publication or public use of the invention in the 
country. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

3,000,400 62,480,540 $403,080,982 $1,647,139,093 

The chief agricultural products are wheat, maize and 
other grains, cotton, fruit, tobacco, potatoes, &c., &c. 

The mineral kingdom is very rich and includes gold, 
silver, iron, coal, copper, lime, salt, lead, quicksilver, 
&c., &c. 

Live stock of all kinds are raised, particularly pigs 
and horned cattle. The pork and beef packing trade is 
very extensive. The manufactures include almost 
everything from elaborate machinery to small nov- 
elties. 

The United States has 154,779 miles of railways, and 
a mercantile marine of 1,530 vessels. 

URUGUAY. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first year, - _ _ _ _ _ $350.00 

TAXES are $50 the second and each succeeding 
year. 

DURA TION of patent is 9 years. 

APPLICATION mMst be made before publication in 
Uruguay, or in the case of a foreign patent being 
already obtained, within one year from date of said 
patent. 

38 



WORKING must be effected within a reasonable time, 
to be determined by the Executive. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

72,112 700,000 $15,908,510 $66,935,070 

The agricultural products are wheat, barley and maize. 
The Republic has 15,905,441 sheep and 6, 1 19,482 horned 
cattle. 

There are 538 miles of railway in operation, and 649 
miles in course of construction. There are 2,679 i^il^s 
of telegraph. 

VENEZUELA. 

Total cost of five years patent, - - $250.00 

Total cost of ten years patent, - - - 330.00 
Total cost of fifteen years patent, - - 410.00 

NO TAXES, 

DURATION of patent is five, ten, or fifteen, years, 
as elected by the applicant. But if a prior foreign pat- 
ent exists the term of the Venezuelan patent will not 
exceed such foreign patent. 

APPLICA TION must be made before the ^invention 
has been completely published in the Republic or 
abroad. 

WORKING vnM^th^ effected within six months, one or 
two years, according to the length of term of patent. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports 

(In trade with Great Britain.) 
566,159 2,121,988 $8,064,265 $2,812,335 

The chief products are coffee, cocoa, hides, cotton, 
sugar, tobacco, indigo, bark, tallow, dye-woods, timber 
and copper ores. 

The railways open for traffic and in course of con- 
struction have a length of 370 miles. 

VICTORIA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 

first three years, ----- $70.00 

39 



TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of 3rd year, - _ . - §20.00 
At the end of 7th year, ----- 20.00 

DURA TION of patent is fourteen years. 

APPLICA TION should be made before the inven- 
tion has been published in Victoria. Or, if a foreign 
patent has been obtained, the application may be made 
within one year from date of such patent. 

WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

87,884 1,104,288 $43»383,55o $189,129,485 

The chief agricultural products are wheat and oats ; 
the minerals are gold, tin and antimony. Sheep raising 
is the most important industry, the number of sheep be- 
ing estimated at 10,818,575. 

2,191 miles of railway were completed at the end of 
1888, and 509 miles more were in course of construction. 
The mileage of telegraph wires is 10,360. 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 

Cost of patent, including Government fees for 
first four years, ----- $100.00 

TAXES are as follows : 

At the end of 4th year, - - - - $25.00 
At the end of 7th year, - - - - - 25.00 

DURA TION of patent is fourteen years. 
APPLICA TION may be made during the term of a 
corresponding foreign Patent. 
WORKING is not compulsory. 

Area in sq. Miles. Population, Revenue. Imports and Exports. 

1,060,000 43.698 $2,213,625 ^ $6,337,075 

The chief products are wool, timber, pearls and pearl 
shells, lead, copper, horses and cattle. There are 2,- 
366,681 sheep. 

500 miles of railway are open. 

40 



INDEX 



Page. 
Introduction— International 

Convention — Charges. 

Argentine Republic 5 

Austria-Hungary 5,6 

Barbadoes 6 

Belgium 7 

Brazil 7, 8 

British Guiana 8 

British Honduras 8, g 

Canada (Dominion of) 9, 10 

Cape of Good Hope 10 

Ceylon 10, 11 

Chili II 

Columbia 11, 12 

Congo. 12, 13 

Denmark 13 

Equador 13, 14 

Egypt 14 

Fiji.... 14, 15 

Finland 15 

France and Colonies 15, 16 

Germany 16, 17 

Great Britain 17, 18, 19 

Greece ig 

Guatemala ig, 20 

Hawaiian Kingdom 20 

Hong Kong 20, 21 

India 21 

Italy 22, 23 

Jamaica 23 

Japan 23 



Page. 
Leeward Islands 23, 24 

Liberia 24 

Luxembourg 24, 25 

Mauritius 25 

Mexico 25, 26 

Natal 26 

Newfoundland - 26, 27 

New South Wales 27 

New Zealand 27, 28 

Norway .... 28 

Orange Free State 2g 

Peru 2g 

Portugal and Colonies 30 

Queensland 30, 31 

Russia. . . 31, 32 

St. Helena 32 

South African Republic 32,' 33 

South Australia. 33 

Spain and Colonies 34 

Straits Settlements. 34, 35 

Sweden 35 

Switzerland 36 

Tasmania 36, 37 

Trinidad 37 

Turkey 37, 38 

United States of America. . , 38 

Uruguay 38. 3g 

Venezuela 3g 

Victoria 39, 40 

Western Australia 40 



:^^m: ^ 






I 



A.11 CommvLTiioatioTis ta be addressed i 

MH. 1^. TT. JBA.RKBR, ManaQer, 

252 Broadway, JVew York:^ 



A 



